The main components of ISO 14001 are outlined in its mandatory clauses, which apply to an organization as follows:

1. **Context of the Organization**: Organizations must understand their internal and external context, the needs and expectations of interested parties, and determine the scope of their Environmental Management System (EMS).

2. **Leadership**: Top management must demonstrate leadership and commitment, establish an environmental policy, and assign roles, responsibilities, and authorities.

3. **Planning**: Organizations need to address risks and opportunities, identify and assess environmental aspects and impacts, determine compliance obligations, and establish environmental objectives and plans to achieve them.

4. **Support**: This involves providing necessary resources, ensuring competence and training, raising awareness about the EMS, establishing communication processes, and maintaining documented information.

5. **Operation**: Organizations must plan and control operations and address emergency preparedness and response.

6. **Performance Evaluation**: This includes monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating environmental performance, conducting internal audits, and reviewing the EMS through management review.

7. **Improvement**: Organizations should determine opportunities for improvement, implement corrective actions for nonconformities, and continually enhance the EMS.

These components help organizations improve their environmental performance, meet legal requirements, and demonstrate a commitment to environmental responsibility.